Xenobiotics are
synthetic compounds foreign to the biological system. They often retain their
qualities in the aquatic environment with the ability to cause oxidative stress
in these organisms by activating the endogenous production of reactive oxygen
species (ROS).
Overloading of
the estuaries
with contaminants for a longer period has an impact on fish production. The
grey mullet (Mugil cephalus) is capable of concentrating contaminants and is
considered suitable for biomarker studies.
Brain is an
appropriate organ for the study of the effects of xenobiotics due to its
morphological heterogeneity, metal accumulating capacity and susceptibility to
histopathological damage by metals. Cells respond to stress in a variety of
ways by activation of pathways that promote survival or apoptosis.
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